Process and apparatus for concentrating grape juices



E. A. BARBET PROCESS ANDAPPARATUS FOR CONCENTRATING GRAPE JUICES FilTefd Oct. 31. 1919 2 sna s III zp I Am way E. A. BARBET PROCESS AND AEIPARATUS FOR CONCENTRATING GRAPE JUICES Filed Oct. 31 1919 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 TES ATENT OFFICE.

AUG'US'IIN BARIET, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR CONCENTRATING GRAPE JUICES.

Application filed October 31, 1919. Serial No. 334,848.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EMILE AUGUSTIN BARBET, a citizen of the French Republic, residing at Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Processes and Apparatus for Concentrating Grape Juices, of which the following is a specification.

Grape honey is produced quite simply by evaporating in a vacuum the juice of grapes that has been sulphured by the action of sulphurous acid and well clarified. The vacuum enables a low temperature -of ebullition to be employed so that all the properties of the fresh uice can be retained in the honey thus obtained,' i,.e. without destroying the vitamines or coagulating the albumins or lecithenes.

The'present invention consists in an im-' proved process for concentrating fruit juices by multiple effect in a vacuum wherein a different juice is treated in each efi'ect, characterized b is subjected to evaporation at a temperature lower than the critical temperature of coagulation of the albumin, lecithenes, and vitamines of the juice. y

The invention also consists in improved apparatus for concentrating fruit juice by multiple eflect in a vacuum, said apparatus comprising the combination of a first group of evaporating devices treating a portion of the fruit juice to be evaporated by 1st effect of the steam, and a second group of evaporating devicestreating a second portion of the fruit juice to be evaporated by 2nd effect of the steam.

cilitating the worln'ng, it is necessary that the operation shall be regular, that is to say, continuous both as'regards the feeding and the drawingofi.

Ex erience has shown that the concentrate syrup retains for that reason about the fact that one ofthe juices of the initial sulphurous acid. A second apparatus is therefore very desirable because the finished syrup issuing from this 2nd evaporating stage containing of the quantity left behind by the first tubular apparatus, is about which is a practically negligible proportion. v

2. If only one concentrating apparatus is employed, and it is desired to get juice of 38 to 39 B., it is generally necessary that the juice from this single concentrator shall boil at 38 to 39 B. of concentration. Now the viscosity of such a thick syrup diminishes considerably the coeflicient of transmission of the heating steam, and this neces sitates the employment of an excessively large heating surface, and consequently a great increase in the cost .of the apparatus.

The hereinafter described improved process and apparatus have for their object and result to obviate these disadvantages. Evaporation by double eflect.

If it is made a condition never to exceed 55 or even 50 C. as the boiling point of syrup of 3839 B., it is necessary that the steam that is to heat this tubular apparatus in 2nd effect, shall have at the very least a temperature of 70 C. A drop from 70 to 55=15 O. is not too much for boiling such viscous syrups, especially in view of the low pressure, of the heating steam.

It will therefore be necessary that the syrup in the 1st efl'ect shallboil at 7273 C.- according to its concentration-in order to produce steam of 70 C.

This temperature however cannot be allowed without affecting the freshness of the final product because vegetable albumins become coa ulated at 70 C. A remaining trace of Sn phurous acid constitutes, it is true, a valuable protection against the production of a cookedtaste, but the protection is only partial.

It must be noted that all grape syrups do not require such an immaculate freshness according to the commercial purposes for which they are intended.

ds of white For instance, many kin honey are intended for making jams.

these jams have to be boiled it does not matter whether the grape 'uice has, been subjected to a temperature 0 75 C. or even higher when being first concentrated.

Other kinds of white honey may be, used for making wines for distllling brandy or liqueur wines of the muscat, marsala, malaga, etc. class, where a cooked taste is desired.

On the, other hand if the honey of black grapes is intended to be rediluted (which althou h forbidden, in France can yet be done a road) for the purpose of making up fermented red wines of the normaltype, it is necessary in the caseof such products never to exceed a temperature of 55 in the boiling, in order to retain not only the freshness of the flavour but also the brightness of the red colour which is easily spoiled by heat.

Consequently white grape honey is concentrated at ,7273 centigrade in the 1st eflect on the one hand, and in the 2nd efiect on the other hand, red honey is concentrated at 5055 C. asa maximum.

By this method the manufacturer obtains a double effect of his heating steam. In

other words, the concentration of the red honey produced by the vapour given off from the white honey is obtained free of cost. The pecuniary result will be the same "to the manufacturer as if each honey hadrequired the consumption of only half of the coal required by the evaporation by simple effect.

This combination does not prevent each of the two effects being constituted by means oftwo chests connected to each other receiving one and the same heating steam. By this means the disadvantages hereinbefore stated are obviated.

A further advantage is gained, namely,

this method allows if desired of eliminating a certain'proportion of potassium b itartrate in order to render the final honey less acid. With this, object it'is merely necessary to cause the syrup to pass out of-the 1st con-;

centration by 28-30? Be. and to allow it to cool slowly. An abundant precipitation of tartar takes place and the second chest is fed with the supernatant clear syrup. The tartar is collected and washed and constitutes a by-productof great value.

The general arrangement of the improved apparatus is illustrated in the accompanying part of F misses E and E are safety separators for the 1st and 2nd efi'ects.

F and F are second the 1st and 2nd efi'ects.

G and G are second separators for the 1st and 2nd effects.

H and H are traps for the white and red honeys. I

K and K are tanks for receiving the white and red honeys. 1

J and J are traps (if desired) for semiconcentrated syrups.

L and L are tanks for receiving these semi-concentrated syrups.

The heating steam of about 100 C. (exhaust steam of engines) arrives by the pipe M and enters D and F through the regulating valves m m. The vapor generated from the juice by the concentration may pass out from the top of the separators lcl 'and' G through pipes having valves N and N From these last mentioned pipes this heated vapor travels through the pipe N -having valves P and P These valves control the passage of the'heated vapor into the heaters D and F The vapor of the red juice passes from E into the barometric condenser A. through the pipe 1, whilst that of G passes to the same condenser through the pipe 2.

tubular heaters for Operation.

The white juice from B undergoes a first concentration in D E and passes out through the tap e on its way to the lower G where it is raised to about To cause the syrup to pass from D into F the level in the latter tubular heater is lower than in the former. This passage may be further facilitated by giving 10-20 mm. of mercury absolute pressure more in E than in G by operating a throttle valve n controlling the passage of the vapors. The finally concentrated syrup drawing, the left hand half showing the first passes out automatically. The level is kept efiect and the right hand half showing the constant by the operation of an internal second efi'ect; each efi'ect being composed of float 9 The syrup flows by barometric two chests. All analogous parts are ar pressure down the pipe 3, and passes the trap ranged symmetrically in relationto the bar; H where its density is measured, and it is ometric condenser A which is located on the discharged intothe reservoirs K or L centre line of the drawing. All the ref The trap J serves for the case whereit is erence letters of the 1st effect are provided desired to draw ofl syrup directly from E with the index 1, and all the reference letters through the pipe 4:, especially when it is deof the 2nd effect are provided with the index sired to remove a portion of its tartar by 2 for the'purpose of facilitating the undercrystallization.

standing of the drawing. Meanwhile sulphured red juice is sucked B is the reservoir of White sulphured up' from the reservoir B for feeding con ulce for the 1st effect. tinuously the devices D E After the B is the reservoir of red sulphured juice syrup has undergone a first concentration in for the 2nd. efiect. D B, it passes out through the tap e on its by way of the pipe 6, the trap J 2 and the tank L The two tubular heaters D E and F G are heated by the same steam of 7072 operating as a 2nd effect and derived from the white juice of the 1st effect. Regulation of the white juice vapors used for heating is effected by means of the valves I P and P The vapour given off from E passes to the barometric condenser A through the pipe 1 that is fitted with the valve N and a throttle n The vapour that is given off in Gr passes through the pipe 2 to the barometric condenser A.

fioor so that all the discharges from the condenser A, and the discharges of the various syrups can be effected by barometricpressure, and can be regulated by meansof suit-' able floats. It is to be understood that if it is not desired to build such a high building, special extracting pumps must be installed at all points and their delivery must be adjusted very carefully, which requires much more supervision on the part of the I,

operator.

The above is one manner of working. But the apparatus is so constructed that it can be operated otherwise.

For'instance, if there is only white juice to be concentrated, the tubular heaters D and D may be used as 1st effects, and'the tubular heaters IE F as 2nd effects. For

- this purpose, the valves N N, N and N m for F P and P must be closed and the valves R R and 2 and N (in pipe N must be opened, steam being admitted to D by a pipe not shown Or by means of a pipe not shown, for conveying the syrup from D and F to D the whole of the left hand group may be arranged as a 1st eflect, and the final concentration in the 2nd efiect will then be carried out in the right hand group. In this A case valves N, N, P, P and m m are open,

valves R R, N and N are shut. Further, if the honey to be produced is able without, inconvenience to be subjected to heaters D and F an initial temperature of 100 C. the workin may be effected in triple efl'ect. For this purpose R N N P and P must be opened and-N, N R N and m of F must be closed. The vapor will then work successively in D in F then in the group D F 2 operating as a third effect. The pipe for taking fruit juice from F to D F is not' shown. Finally, if N, N ,-m for F N P and N are closed, and R N, P and R are opened, the working will take place in quadruple effect, that is to say, with the maximum economy in evaporation.

If the Valve N is open and the valves N and R closed the partsl) and E may act as a single efi'ect alone and then the vapour will pass directly to the condenser N.

If the left hand portion of the apparatus, that is, the portion shown on the first sheet of the drawings is used as a double effect, then, the vapors from the separator E when the valves N and N are closed, may pass by Way of the pipe having the valve B into the heater F From the separator G of the last mentioned heater, the vapors may pass directly to the barometric condenser A through the pipe N 3 providing the valve N in'saidpipe is open and the valve N is closed.

It is to be understood that the vapor from the separators E and G does not pass through the ipes having the valves N and N when said vapor is used for heating the In such a case the valves N and N will be closed and the vapor of the white juice will pass through the pipe N to said heaters D and F 7 The industry of producing grape honey must be able to satisfy at will the various requirements of home production or of export from day to day.

If desired the principle of the independ ence of each evaporator may be carried further to the point of feeding the evaporators with juices of different fruits. For instance, there would be no objection to concentrating apple juice in the 1st effect which would allow of producing white or red grape honey in the 2nd efi'ect at a very low I temperature.

What I claim is 1. A rocessfor simultaneously concentrating in vacuo, the sulphured-juices of white and red grapes, which consists 'in subjecting the juice of white grapes to a double evaporation, utlizing the heat of the vapours generated for concentrating the red juices by double evaporation, separately cooling and decanting the products of the first evaporation or first syrups of the white and red grapes for the extraction of the potassium bitartrate, and separately feeding the second evaporation of the juices of the white and red grapeswith the clear syrups.

2. An evaporating apparatus for concentrating the juices of white grapes and red grapes by multiple efi'ect in a vacuum, comprising the combination of a first evaporat ing device having vertical tubes for concentrating the juice of white grapes, a device for cooling and decanting the juice concentrated in said first evaporating device, a

second evaporating device of the same type for treating the clarified syrup, means for heating the first and second evaporating devices by steam, a third evaporating device of the same type for concentrating the juice of grapes, a device for cooling and decantneiaeoa ing the concentrated juice or first syrup from the third evaporating device, a fourth 15 evaporating device for continuing the concentration of the syrup clarified in the third evaporating device, and means for conducting vapor derived from the juices treated in the first and second evaporating devices 20 EMILE AUGUs'riN BARBET. 

